Which symptom may indicate an adverse effect of opioid medication in a client?

The correct choice highlights the persistent dry mouth and constipation as symptoms that can indicate an adverse effect of opioid medication. Opioids are known to cause a range of side effects due to their action on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. One common gastrointestinal effect is constipation, which occurs because opioids slow down gastrointestinal motility. This can lead to harder stools and difficulty in bowel movements. Additionally, dry mouth can result from the decreased saliva production associated with opioid use, contributing to discomfort and potential oral health issues.

In contrast, increased appetite and energy typically do not align with the sedative effects of opioids, which often lead to decreased energy levels and suppressed appetite. Elevated heart rate and hypertension are also less common effects associated with opioids; instead, they may often cause respiratory depression or sedation, not elevated cardiovascular responses. Lastly, frequent urination and sweating are not typical side effects of opioids and are more often seen with other classes of medications or conditions unrelated to opioid use. Understanding these distinctions helps in recognizing potential adverse effects and managing a patient’s treatment appropriately.